https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28049 Ginkgo biloba (EGb761), a potent antioxidant, may have neuroprotective effects. We hypothesized that there would be decreased BDNF expression in TD, but that treatment with EGb761 would increase BDNF expression and reduce TD manifestations in a rat model. Forty rats were treated with haloperidol (2 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injections) for 5 weeks. EGb761 (50 mg/kg/day) and vitamin E (20 mg/kg/day) were then administered by oral gavage for another 5 weeks, and we compared the effects of treatment with EGb761 or vitamin E on haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and BDNF expression in four brain regions: prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum (ST), substantia nigra (SNR), and globus pallidus (GP). Our results showed that haloperidol administration led to a progressive increase in VCMs, but both EGb761 and vitamin E significantly decreased VCMs. Haloperidol also decreased BDNF expression in all four brain regions, but both EGb761 and vitamin E administration significantly increased BDNF expression. Our results showed that both EGb761 and VE treatments exerted similar positive effects in a rat model of TD and increased BDNF expression levels in the four tested brain regions, suggesting that both EGb761 and vitamin E improve TD symptoms, possibly by enhancing BDNF in the brain and/or via their free radical-scavenging actions.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:01 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23440 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:12:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51252 45° for tested four black soils, indicating that atrazine residue had the greatest P-limitation on soil microorganisms. Interestingly, microbial C- and P-limitations with different atrazine concentrations showed a strong linear relationship, especially in Qiqihar and Nongan soils. Atrazine treatment significantly negatively affected microbial metabolic limitation. Soil properties and EES interaction explained up to 88.2% for microbial C-/P-limitation. In conclusion, this study confirms the EES as a useful method in evaluating the effects of pesticides on microbial metabolic limitations.]]> Mon 28 Aug 2023 12:28:34 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55263 Fri 03 May 2024 15:30:38 AEST ]]>